Author Guidelines

AUTHOR GUIDELINES

General Requirements

Manuscripts submitted to Khazanah Hukum may be written in English or Indonesian. All manuscripts are subject to an initial editorial assessment before being sent for peer review.

The main manuscript should be submitted as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file.

The manuscript should:

• be an original scholarly work;
• make a clear academic contribution to the field of law;
• be relevant to the focus and scope of Khazanah Hukum;
• contain a minimum of 2,000 words;
• use A4 paper size;
• use a single-column layout;
• use Sagoona Book as the main font;
• follow the official Khazanah Hukum article template;
• use appropriate academic citations and references; and
• comply with the journal's publication ethics and research integrity requirements.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the manuscript is accurate, original, properly cited, and free from plagiarism or other forms of publication misconduct.

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MANUSCRIPT STRUCTURE

The manuscript should generally contain the following sections in the following order:

1. Title
2. Author Information
3. Affiliation
4. Abstract
5. Keywords
6. Introduction
7. Literature Review (Optional)
8. Methods
9. Results and Discussion
10. Conclusion
11. Acknowledgment (if applicable)
12. Author Contributions
13. Funding
14. Conflicts of Interest
15. Data Availability
16. AI Use Declaration
17. Ethical Clearance (where applicable)
18. References

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1. TITLE

The title should be concise, specific, informative, and accurately represent the research focus, context, variables or concepts, and/or main phenomenon investigated.

The title should clearly reflect the substantive contribution of the article and avoid unnecessary words.

Authors should avoid:

• overly broad titles;
• unnecessary abbreviations;
• unnecessary formulas or mathematical expressions; and
• titles that do not clearly communicate the main research issue.

The title should be written in English.

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2. AUTHOR INFORMATION

Provide the full name of each author without academic degrees or professional titles.

Author names should be written consistently throughout the manuscript and in the OJS submission metadata.

For manuscripts with multiple authors, all authors must be listed in the correct order and all authors must have made a substantial contribution to the research and manuscript.

The corresponding author must be clearly identified.

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3. AFFILIATION

Each author's name should be accompanied by complete institutional affiliation information, including:

• Department or study program;
• Faculty or school, where applicable;
• University or institution;
• City;
• Country; and
• Corresponding author's email address.

The affiliation stated in the manuscript should be consistent with the information entered into the OJS metadata.

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4. ABSTRACT

The abstract should be written in English and Indonesian.

The abstract should be presented as one paragraph and should contain a maximum of approximately 250 words.

For research articles, authors are strongly encouraged to organize the abstract around the following elements, without using separate headings:

1. Background – briefly establish the broader context and research problem.
2. Purpose of the Study – state the main purpose or objective.
3. Methods – briefly explain the research approach, method, or theoretical framework.
4. Results – summarize the principal findings.
5. Novelty or Contribution – identify the principal academic, theoretical, empirical, legal, or policy contribution.
6. Conclusions – present the main conclusion or interpretation.

The abstract should be informative and should not contain citations, unnecessary abbreviations, or detailed methodological explanations.

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5. KEYWORDS

Provide 3–5 keywords or key phrases that represent the main concepts, variables, theories, methods, legal issues, or phenomena discussed in the article.

Keywords should:

• be relevant to the article;
• use commonly recognized scholarly terminology;
• avoid unnecessary repetition of words already used in the title; and
• be arranged alphabetically.

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6. INTRODUCTION

The Introduction should clearly establish the research context, problem, significance, and contribution of the study.

The Introduction should generally include:

1. Research context and background;
2. Research problem and its significance;
3. Current state of relevant literature;
4. Relevant theories and/or conceptual perspectives;
5. Research gap;
6. Novelty or original contribution;
7. Research objectives and/or research questions; and
8. Theoretical, empirical, legal, or policy contribution of the study.

Authors should begin with the broader context of the issue and gradually narrow the discussion toward the specific research problem.

The Introduction should explain:

• what issue is being examined;
• why the issue is important;
• what is already known from previous research;
• what remains insufficiently understood, underexplored, contested, or inadequately explained;
• how the present study addresses the identified gap; and
• what contribution the study makes to the existing literature.

The literature should be synthesized analytically rather than presented merely as a list of previous studies.

The Introduction should conclude with a clear statement of the research objective and/or research questions.

Authors should avoid repeating the abstract or placing extensive methodological details in the Introduction.

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7. LITERATURE REVIEW (OPTIONAL)

A separate Literature Review section is optional.

Authors may include this section when the research requires a more comprehensive discussion of theories, concepts, previous research, or theoretical perspectives that cannot be adequately developed within the Introduction.

Where included, the Literature Review should critically synthesize relevant scholarly literature and should not merely summarize previous studies.

The Literature Review may address:

1. Relevant theories and theoretical perspectives;
2. Key concepts and definitions;
3. Previous empirical or legal studies;
4. Current scholarly debates and developments;
5. Relationships and differences among previous studies;
6. Research gaps identified from the literature; and
7. The theoretical or conceptual framework underpinning the study.

Authors should prioritize relevant and authoritative scholarly sources, particularly recent primary research, while seminal works may be retained where theoretically or conceptually necessary.

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8. METHODS

The Methods section should provide a clear and sufficiently detailed explanation of how the research was conducted, allowing readers to understand the basis of the findings and, where applicable, assess or reproduce the research process.

The Methods section should generally explain:

1. Research approach and design;
2. Research setting and context;
3. Research subjects, participants, cases, documents, or data sources;
4. Sampling or case-selection strategy, where applicable;
5. Research procedures;
6. Materials and research instruments;
7. Data collection techniques;
8. Data analysis techniques; and
9. Validity, reliability, or trustworthiness procedures, where applicable.

Authors should clearly identify whether the research uses a qualitative, quantitative, doctrinal, normative, empirical, comparative, socio-legal, mixed-methods, or other appropriate research approach.

For qualitative research, authors may describe interview procedures, observation, document analysis, coding procedures, analytical frameworks, and strategies for establishing credibility or trustworthiness.

For quantitative research, authors should explain relevant variables, indicators, measurement instruments, validity and reliability procedures, statistical techniques, and analytical software where applicable.

For legal research, authors should clearly explain the relevant legal materials, legal sources, doctrinal approach, comparative framework, case analysis, statutory analysis, jurisprudential approach, or empirical legal method used in the study.

For research involving human participants, personal data, sensitive information, or other ethically regulated activities, authors should provide information regarding ethical approval or ethical clearance, including the name of the relevant ethics committee and approval number where applicable.

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9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Results and Discussion section should present the principal findings of the research and explain their significance.

The results should be supported by adequate evidence or data and should directly address the research questions, objectives, or hypotheses stated in the Introduction.

Authors should ensure that the results presented are analyzed findings rather than raw data.

Where appropriate, findings may be presented through:

• tables;
• figures;
• charts;
• diagrams; or
• other appropriate visual materials.

The Discussion should provide a substantive and scholarly interpretation of the findings.

The Discussion should address, where relevant:

1. What and how?

How do the findings answer the research questions or objectives stated in the Introduction?

2. Why?

Does the author provide a clear scientific, theoretical, legal, or conceptual interpretation of each major finding?

3. What else?

Are the findings consistent with previous research? If not, what explains the similarities or differences?

The Discussion should relate the findings to relevant:

• theories;
• concepts;
• previous studies;
• legal principles;
• regulations;
• jurisprudence;
• institutional contexts;
• social developments; and/or
• broader scholarly debates.

The findings and their implications should be discussed within the broader context of the research field.

Future research directions may also be identified where appropriate.

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10. FIGURES, TABLES, AND SCHEMES

All figures and tables should be numbered consecutively and cited in the main text.

Examples:

Figure 1

Table 1

Figures and tables should be placed near the first point at which they are discussed.

Each figure and table should have a clear title or caption.

Authors should ensure that:

• tables are clear and readable;
• unnecessary table formatting is avoided;
• tables use a simple and open format where appropriate;
• figures are relevant to the research;
• maps focus on the object or area under investigation;
• image files are not unnecessarily large; and
• figures maintain adequate resolution for publication.

Do not use expressions such as:

“presented in Figure 1 below”

Instead, use:

“presented in Figure 1”

or:

“... (Figure 1).”

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11. MATHEMATICAL COMPONENTS

Mathematical equations may be included where required by the research.

Equations should be numbered consecutively where appropriate and should be clearly explained in the text.

The text following an equation does not necessarily need to begin a new paragraph. Equations should be punctuated as part of the sentence where grammatically appropriate.

Theorem-type environments, including propositions, lemmas, corollaries, and proofs, should be formatted consistently with the journal template.

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12. SUBHEADINGS

Subheadings may be used in the Results and Discussion section when they improve the organization and clarity of the argument.

The use of subheadings should follow the hierarchy provided in the official Khazanah Hukum article template.

Authors should avoid excessive fragmentation of the discussion into very short subsections.

Each subsection should make a substantive contribution to the overall argument of the article.

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13. CONCLUSION

The Conclusion should directly answer the research questions and objectives.

The conclusion should:

• present the substantive findings of the study;
• explain the main contribution of the research;
• connect the findings with the research problem;
• avoid merely repeating the Results and Discussion or Abstract; and
• identify implications or future research directions where appropriate.

The conclusion should be written as coherent and flowing paragraphs.

Authors should avoid presenting the conclusion merely as statistical statements or methodological descriptions.

The conclusion should emphasize the substantive meaning and contribution of the research.

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14. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, research assistants, technical support, administrative support, or other contributions that do not qualify for authorship.

Acknowledgments should not be used to replace the Author Contributions or Funding sections.

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15. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

This section should clearly describe the specific contribution of each author to the research and manuscript preparation.

All listed authors must have made a substantial contribution to the work and should be accountable for the parts of the research to which they contributed.

Authors are encouraged to use contribution categories such as:

• Conceptualization;
• Methodology;
• Data Collection;
• Formal Analysis;
• Investigation;
• Writing – Original Draft;
• Writing – Review and Editing;
• Visualization;
• Supervision;
• Validation; and
• Project Administration.

Example:

Author Contributions:
Author 1: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft.
Author 2: Data Collection, Investigation, Writing – Review and Editing.
Author 3: Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review and Editing.

This requirement is consistent with the current Khazanah Hukum template.

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16. FUNDING

Authors must disclose all financial support received for conducting the research and/or preparing the manuscript.

The funding statement should identify:

• the funding institution;
• research grant or program;
• grant or project number, where applicable; and
• other relevant funding information.

If the research received no external funding, this should be explicitly stated.

Example – funded research:

Funding: This research was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the [Research Grant Program], Grant Number [XXXX/XXXX/XXXX].

Example – no external funding:

Funding: This research received no external funding.

Example – institutional funding:

Funding: This research was supported by [Name of University/Institution] through [Name of Research Program].

These formulations follow the current KH template.

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17. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the findings.

If there is no conflict of interest, authors should explicitly state this.

Example – no conflict:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.

Example – existing conflict:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare the following potential conflict of interest: [describe the nature of the conflict and the parties involved].

 

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18. DATA AVAILABILITY

Authors should provide a clear statement regarding the availability of data, materials, documents, datasets, or other evidence supporting the findings of the study.

Where appropriate, authors are encouraged to make research data publicly accessible through a suitable repository.

If data cannot be publicly shared because of:

• ethical restrictions;
• privacy;
• confidentiality;
• legal restrictions; or
• institutional requirements,

the reason should be clearly stated.

Example – data available upon request

Data Availability: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Example – data in a repository

Data Availability: The data supporting the findings of this study are publicly available at [repository name] at [DOI/URL].

Example – data cannot be publicly shared

Data Availability: The data are not publicly available because they contain confidential information and/or are subject to ethical, privacy, or institutional restrictions.

Example – no specific dataset

Data Availability: No datasets were generated or analyzed during the study.

 

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19. AI USE DECLARATION

Authors must disclose the use of artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies in the preparation of the manuscript, where applicable.

AI tools may be used for permissible purposes such as:

• language improvement;
• grammar correction;
• translation; or
• other editorial assistance.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and scholarly content of the manuscript.

AI tools must not replace the intellectual responsibility of the authors for the research, analysis, interpretation, or conclusions.

The use of AI should be disclosed transparently where required by the journal's AI policy.

The current Khazanah Hukum template already includes this requirement.

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20. ETHICAL CLEARANCE

For research involving human participants, personal data, sensitive information, confidential information, or other ethically regulated activities, authors should provide information regarding ethical approval or ethical clearance where applicable.

The statement should include:

• name of the relevant ethics committee or institution; and
• approval number, where applicable.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their research complies with applicable ethical, legal, privacy, and institutional requirements.

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21. REFERENCES

Manuscripts should use a standard citation and reference-management application such as Mendeley.

The required citation style is APA (American Psychological Association).

Authors must ensure that:

• all references cited in the text appear in the reference list;
• all references in the reference list are cited in the manuscript;
• bibliographic information is complete and accurate;
• DOI or other persistent identifiers are included where available; and
• references are formatted consistently according to APA style.

For citations involving multiple authors, authors should follow the applicable APA citation rules.

Authors should prioritize relevant and authoritative scholarly sources, particularly recent primary research, while retaining seminal references where they are theoretically or conceptually important.

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22. DOI, ISBN, AND PERSISTENT IDENTIFIERS

Authors should provide DOI, ISBN, URL, or other persistent identifiers for references whenever such identifiers are available.

Authors must verify the accuracy of identifiers before submission.

Do not create or fabricate DOI, ISBN, or other persistent identifiers.

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23. REFERENCE QUALITY CHECKLIST

Before submission, authors should check that:

• references are directly relevant to the article;
• sources are appropriately cited;
• bibliographic information is complete;
• citations and references follow APA style;
• DOI or other persistent identifiers are included where available;
• recent and authoritative scholarly literature has been adequately considered; and
• the reference list is consistent with the citations appearing in the manuscript.

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24. PREPARATION FOR DOUBLE-ANONYMOUS PEER REVIEW

Khazanah Hukum uses a double-anonymous peer-review process.

Authors should therefore ensure that the manuscript file does not unnecessarily reveal the identity of the authors during peer review.

Where required, remove or anonymize:

• author names;
• institutional affiliations;
• acknowledgments;
• identifying research information; and
• other information that may directly reveal the identity of the authors.

Author information should instead be entered completely into the OJS metadata.

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25. SUBMISSION PREPARATION CHECKLIST

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should confirm the following:

1. Originality and Exclusive Submission
The manuscript is original and is not simultaneously submitted to another journal.

2. Manuscript File and Template
The manuscript has been prepared using the official Khazanah Hukum template and submitted in the required file format.

3. Author Guidelines and Template
The manuscript follows the current Author Guidelines and article template.

4. Article Structure
All required sections have been included and presented in the appropriate order.

5. Scope and Academic Contribution
The manuscript is relevant to the focus and scope of Khazanah Hukum and provides a clear scholarly contribution.

6. Research Ethics and Ethical Clearance
Applicable ethical requirements and ethical clearance have been addressed.

7. Double-Anonymous Peer Review
Identifying author information has been handled appropriately for the double-anonymous review process.

8. Citations and References
Citations and references follow APA style and include DOI, ISBN, URL, or other persistent identifiers where available.

9. Tables, Figures, and Supplementary Materials
All tables, figures, equations, and supplementary materials are properly numbered, cited, and prepared according to the template.

10. Plagiarism and Publication Integrity
The manuscript is original and does not contain plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabricated data, or other forms of publication misconduct.

11. Transparency, Funding, Conflicts of Interest, and AI Use
Funding, conflicts of interest, data availability, author contributions, and AI use have been properly disclosed where applicable.

12. Author Information and OJS Metadata
All author names, affiliations, email addresses, ORCID/identifiers where applicable, and other required OJS metadata have been entered accurately.

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IMPORTANT NOTE

Authors should always consult the latest Khazanah Hukum article template and submission instructions before submitting a manuscript because journal requirements may be updated periodically.

Article Template:
Khazanah Hukum Template