Public Service Motivation, Formal Control Strength, and Incentive Consistency: Civil Servant Performance Patterns in Yogyakarta
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Abstract
This study examines how public service motivation (PSM), formal control strength (FCS), and performance incentive consistency (PIC) relate to civil servant performance patterns in two local government agencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative embedded multiple-case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 informants and a review of performance-related documents. The data were analyzed using cross-case thematic analysis guided by an interpretive configurational perspective. The findings identify three configurations: two associated with relatively favorable performance and one indicating shortcomings in task execution. PSM may differentiate performance patterns, while PIC is perceived as an additional motivational factor. However, consistently high FCS across all configurations limits conclusions about its differentiating role. Evidence of low PSM in the third configuration came primarily from one agency and should be interpreted with caution. The findings also suggest possible partial motivational substitution and functional complementarity, although causal relationships cannot be established. Overlapping reporting requirements, resource constraints, and an emphasis on administrative targets further complicate assessments of substantive performance. This study contributes an interpretive configurational explanation of civil servant performance by integrating motivational and institutional conditions. It highlights the practical importance of strengthening service orientation, improving incentive transparency, and evaluating the quality of substantive work beyond administrative target attainment.
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